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Māris Kālis Appointed Acting Governor of Latvijas Banka Amid Leadership Transition

On 19 December 2024, the Saeima of Latvia appointed Māris Kālis as the Acting Governor of Latvijas Banka to ensure the seamless continuity of the central bank's operations. This decision follows the Saeima’s failure to elect a new Governor, leaving Kālis, currently serving as Deputy Governor, to assume the Governor’s responsibilities starting 21 December 2024. The interim arrangement will remain in effect until a new Governor is officially elected and begins their term. Mārtiņš Kazāks, the outgoing Governor, concluded his tenure on 20 December 2024. Under Latvian law, the Governor of Latvijas Banka serves a five-year term, with the possibility of holding the position for a maximum of two consecutive terms. The Latvian Saeima has indicated that the appointment of a permanent Governor will be addressed in early 2025. During this interim phase, Latvia will be temporarily without voting rights in the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The role of Latvijas Banka’s Governor is...

Sanjay Malhotra Appointed as 26th Governor of Reserve Bank of India

On 11 December 2024, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra was appointed as the Governor of Reserve Bank of India. Mr. Sanjay Malhotra, who has considerable administrative and financial experience, assumed charge as the 26th Governor for a three-year term. An Indian Administrative Service officer from the 1990 Rajasthan cadre, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra brings experience spanning finance, taxation, information technology, and power sectors. Prior to his appointment as RBI Governor, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra served as Secretary in the Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance. Before that, he held the position of Secretary in the Department of Financial Services. His tenure as a bureaucrat in government service also includes being the Chairman and Managing Director of Rural Electrification Corporation Limited. Mr. Sanjay Malhotra has previously been associated with the Reserve Bank of India, serving as a Government Nominee Director on its Central Board from February 2022 to November 2022. An alumnus of...

US CFTC Finalises Rule on Margin Adequacy and Separate Account Treatment for Futures Commission Merchants

On 20 December 2024, the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (US CFTC) published the Final Rule along with a fact sheet outlining requirements for futures commission merchants (FCMs) concerning margin adequacy and the treatment of separate accounts of customers. This aims to codify and expand the no-action position first detailed in US CFTC Letter 19-17, bringing greater clarity and structure to how FCMs manage customer accounts and associated risks. The fact sheet accompanying the rule covers the regulatory journey that began in 2019, when the Division of Clearing and Risk and the Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight (now Market Participants Division) issued Letter 19-17. That letter allowed clearing FCMs to treat separate accounts of a single customer as distinct entities under specific risk-mitigating conditions. This practice was further extended and clarified in subsequent letters, including 20-28, 21-29, 22-11, 23-13, and 24-07. In April 2023, the...

US SEC Sanctions Tai Mo Shan for Misleading Investors and Unregistered Crypto Sales in Terra USD Stablecoins

On 20 December 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC) issued an order instituting cease-and-desist proceedings pursuant to Section 8A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, making findings, and imposing a cease-and-desist order against Tai Mo Shan Limited, a subsidiary of Jump Crypto Holdings LLC. The company has been ordered to pay US $123 million in penalties and disgorgements for its role in misleading investors about the stability of Terraform Labs’ Terra USD (UST) stablecoin and engaging in unregistered sales of LUNA, a crypto asset classified as a security. This case highlights critical lapses in transparency and compliance in the cryptocurrency sector and reinforces the US SEC’s commitment to safeguarding investor interests and upholding market integrity. Tai Mo Shan Limited’s involvement with Terraform Labs began in November 2019, when the company entered agreements with Terraform, a Singapore-based firm responsible for issuing LUNA and UST....

UK FCA Publishes Consultation paper on Investment Disclosure Rules for Retail Investors

On 19 December 2024, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (UK FCA) announced an order instituting consultation for a new product information framework under CP24/30: A New Product Information Framework for Consumer Composite Investments (CCIs). The initiative proposes amendments to how investment products are presented to retail investors, focusing on enhancing clarity, flexibility, and consumer empowerment in investment decisions. This decision follows a commitment by the UK Treasury to replace European Union-derived regulations with a more tailored domestic framework. The current EU-based regulatory landscape, which includes Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (PRIIPs) and Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS), criticised for its rigidity and inefficiency in delivering meaningful, comprehensible investment information to consumers, and, therefore by redefining the regulatory framework, the UK FCA aims to address...

US SEC Approves PCAOB’s 399.7 Million USD Budget for 2025, Establishes Accounting Support Fee

On 18 December 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC) approved the 2025 budget of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), amounting to $399.7 million, alongside the corresponding annual accounting support fee. The accounting support fee, totalling US$374.9 million, will be distributed among public company issuers ($346.1 million) and registered broker-dealers (US$28.8 million). The PCAOB was established by the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to enhance trust in financial reporting by overseeing the audits of public companies and broker-dealers. Its responsibilities include setting auditing standards, conducting inspections, and investigating and disciplining auditors. The US SEC maintains oversight of the PCAOB, approving its budget annually to ensure its activities align with investor protection and public interest goals. For 2025, the PCAOB submitted its budget proposal to the US SEC after a rigorous review process. The US SEC’s...

US SEC Approves Rule Changes for Listing Hashdex and Franklin Crypto Index ETFs

On 19 December 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC) has granted approval for rule changes proposed by the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. to list and trade shares of two new cryptocurrency-based exchange-traded funds (ETFs): the Hashdex Nasdaq Crypto Index ETF and the Franklin Crypto Index ETF. The Hashdex Nasdaq Crypto Index ETF and the Franklin Crypto Index ETF represent commodity-based trust shares designed to hold spot bitcoin and ether, with proportions determined by their respective market capitalisations. The Nasdaq proposal for the Hashdex ETF and the Cboe proposal for the Franklin ETF both underwent amendments and public consultations to refine their operational structures and ensure alignment with applicable trading rules. The SEC’s decision follows previous approvals of cryptocurrency-based ETFs that focused on either spot bitcoin or ether, building on the regulatory framework established in 2024. Both ETFs aim to provide...

HK SFC Licenses Four Virtual Asset Trading Platforms Under Streamlined Licensing Process & Issues Circular

On 18 December 2024, the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (HK SFC) announced that it had granted licences to four virtual asset trading platforms (VATPs) under its streamlined licensing process. The process follows a comprehensive series of on-site inspections conducted since June 2024. The four newly virtual asset trading licensed platforms, Accumulus GBA Technology (Hongkong) Co. Limited, DFX Labs Company Limited, Hong Kong Digital Asset EX Limited, and Thousand Whales Technology (BVI) Limited, will initially operate under a restricted scope of business while completing mandatory rectifications and assessments as outlined in the SFC’s newly published circular​. The streamlined licensing process as initiated by HK SFC mandates requirements such as rectifying issues identified during the HK SFC’s inspections and conducting independent vulnerability assessments and penetration tests to ensure compliance with security and operational standards​. The Hong Kong Securities and...

UK FCA Publishes Consultation Paper on Private Stock Market PISCES to Transform UK Capital Access

On 17 December 2024, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (UK FCA) published a consultation paper CP24/29 on the establishment of the Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System (PISCES). This proposed private stock market aims to allow investors to trade shares in private companies. PISCES is designed to address the increasing demand for trading private company shares as more firms opt to remain private for extended periods. The proposals apply to private companies seeking to raise capital through share sales and to firms operating trading platforms within the PISCES framework which allows intermittent trading events and mandatory risk warnings for investors. PISCES is aimed to bridge the gap between private and public markets, but it also raises important questions about regulatory oversight and market feasibility. While the initiative promises to unlock diversified investment opportunities, the risks inherent in private company trading require careful...

UK FCA Publishes Discussion Paper DP24/4 Seeking Feedback on Strengthening Transparency and Market Integrity in Crypto Markets

On 16 December 2024, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (UK FCA) released Discussion Paper DP24/4, presenting proposals to enhance transparency, market integrity, and consumer protection in the UK’s crypto markets. These rules, if approved would apply to cryptoasset trading platforms, intermediaries, issuers, and other market participants operating in or targeting the UK market. The document invites industry feedback on plans to introduce admissions and disclosures (A&D) requirements for cryptoassets and implement a robust Market Abuse Regime for Cryptoassets (MARC). The UK FCA’s discussion paper outlines measures to establish regulatory controls for cryptoasset admissions, disclosures, and market abuse prevention. It builds upon the UK government’s earlier consultation in February 2023, which laid the foundation for including cryptoasset activities within the FCA’s regulatory remit. The proposals certain areas for regulation, such as the admissions and disclosures...

US SEC Publishes Mandatory Electronic Filing and Website Disclosures for Financial Forms and Reports and Updates to FOCUS Reports

On 16 December 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC) published the final rules for Electronic Submission of Certain Materials Under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934; Amendments Regarding the FOCUS Report which proposes amendments to require the electronic filing, submission, or posting of certain financial forms and materials under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The proposed rules updates the US SEC’s data collection processes by mandating the use of the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system and adopting structured data formats where appropriate. The proposed rule changes apply to market participants, including SROs, registered clearing agencies, broker-dealers, over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives dealers, and security-based swap entities. The US SEC also published an accompanying fact sheet on 16 December 2024, which summarises the proposed changes. The proposed rule was initially published...

ASIC Sues Binance Australia Derivatives for Misclassifying Retail Clients and Consumer Protection Failures

On 18 December 2024, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) commenced civil proceedings in the Australian Federal Court against Oztures Trading Pty Ltd, trading as Binance Australia Derivatives, alleging significant breaches of consumer protection laws under the Australian Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). ASIC claims Binance misclassified 505 retail clients as wholesale clients, denying them crucial consumer protections while exposing them to high-risk crypto derivative products. According to ASIC’s Statement of Claim and Originating Process filed in the Federal Court, Binance’s compliance systems failed to meet legal standards, leading to systemic misclassifications, inadequate disclosures, and substantial financial harm to clients. The case was filed in the Australian Federal Court’s Victoria Registry under File Number VID1381/2024. While ASIC has initiated proceedings seeking civil penalties, declarations, and adverse publicity orders against Binance Australia...

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